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Artificial Ice

Artificial spin ice systems have been attracting increasing interest as frameworks for studying frustration or degeneracy. First realized using nanoscale magnets arranged in square or hexagonal geometries, artificial ices have been proposed and experimentally realized in a wide range of hard and soft matter systems, including superconducting vortices in artificial pinning sites and colloidal particles in either optical traps or gravitational potential arrays. In these systems, various types of ordering and frutstration effects can be readily tuned and the microscopic degrees of freedom of the artificial spins can be accessed directly.

Papers:

1. Vortex ordering and dynamics on Santa Fe artificial ice pinning arrays
   W. Li, C.J.O. Reichhardt, B. Janko, and C. Reichhardt
   Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 162601 (2021). arXiv

   
   

2. Quenched dynamics of artificial spin ice: Coarsening versus Kibble-Zurek
   A. Libal, A. del Campo, C. Nisoli, C. Reichhardt, and C.J.O. Reichhardt
   Phys. Rev. Research 2, 033433 (2020). arXiv
   

   
   

3. Colloquium: Ice rule and emergent frustration in particle ice and beyond
   A. Ortiz-Ambriz, C. Nisoli, C. Reichhardt, C.J.O. Reichhardt, and P. Tierno
   Rev. Mod. Phys. 91, 041003 (2019). arXiv
   

   
   

4. Ice rule fragility via topological charge transfer in artificial colloidal ice
   A. Libal, D.-Y. Lee, A. Ortiz-Ambriz, C. Reichhardt, C.J.O. Reichhardt, P. Tierno, and C. Nisoli
   Nature Commun. 9, 4146 (2018). arXiv
   

   
   

5. Inner phases of colloidal hexagonal spin ice
   H. Peter, A. Libal, C. Reichhardt, and C.J.O. Reichhardt
   Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 027204 (2018). arXiv
   

   
   

6. Dynamic control of topological defects in artificial colloidal ice
   A. Libal, C. Nisoli, C. Reichhardt, and C.J. Olson Reichhardt
   Sci. Rep. 7, 651 (2017). arXiv
   

   
   

7. Emergent geometric frustration of artificial magnetic skyrmion crystals
   F. Ma, C. Reichhardt, W. Gan, C.J. Olson Reichhardt, and W.S. Lew
   Phys. Rev. B 94, 144405 (2016) arXiv

   
   

8. Realizing artificial spin ice states for magnetic colloids on optical traps
   A. Libal, C.M. Reichhardt, and C.J. Olson Reichhardt
   Proc. SPIE 9931, Spintronics IX, 99311Q (2016).

   
   

9. Doped colloidal artificial spin ice
   A. Libal, C. Reichhardt, and C.J. Olson Reichhardt
   New J. Phys. 17, 103010 (2015) arXiv

   
   

10. Disordered artificial spin ices: Avalanches and criticality (invited)
    C.J. Olson Reichhardt, G.-W. Chern, A. Libal, and C. Reichhardt
    J. Appl. Phys. 117, 172612 (2015)
    

    
    

11. Avalanches and disorder-induced criticality in artificial spin ices
    G.-W. Chern, C. Reichhardt, and C.J. Olson Reichhardt
    New J. Phys. 16, 063051 (2014) arXiv

    
    

12. Frustrated colloidal ordering and fully packed loops in arrays of optical traps
    G.-W. Chern, C. Reichhardt, and C.J. Olson Reichhardt
    Phys. Rev. E 87, 062305 (2013) arXiv

    
    

13. Hysteresis and return point memory in artificial spin ice systems
    A. Libal, C. Reichhardt, and C.J. Olson Reichhardt
    Phys. Rev. E 86, 021406 (2012) arXiv

    
    

14. Multi-step ordering in kagome and square artificial spin ice
    C.J. Olson Reichhardt, A. Libal, and C. Reichhardt
    New J. Phys. 14, 025006 (2012) arXiv

    
    

15. Topological defects from doping and disorder in artificial ice systems
    C.J. Olson Reichhardt, C. Reichhardt, and A. Libal
    IEEE Proc. 2010 Int. Conf. Electromagnetics Adv. Applications (ICEAA), p. 252 (2010)
    

    
    

16. Transport, hysteresis and avalanches in artificial spin ice systems
    C. Reichhardt, C.J. Olson Reichhardt, and A. Libal
    IEEE Proc. 2010 Int. Conf. Electromagnetics Adv. Applications (ICEAA), p. 260 (2010)
    

    
    

17. Creating artificial ice states using vortices in nanostructured superconductors
    A. Libal, C.J. Olson Reichhardt, and C. Reichhardt
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 237004 (2009). arXiv

    
    

18. Realizing artificial ice in superconducting and colloidal systems
    C.J. Olson Reichhardt, A. Libal, and C. Reichhardt
    IEEE Proc. 2009 Int. Conf. Electromagnetics Adv. Applications (ICEAA), p. 604 (2009).
    

    
    

19. Realizing colloidal artificial ice on arrays of optical traps
    A. Libal, C. Reichhardt, and C.J. Olson Reichhardt
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 228302 (2006). arXiv