Velocity Distributions of Granular Gases with Drag and with Long-Range Interactions

K. Kohlstedt, A. Snezhko, M.V. Sapozhnikov, I. S. Aranson, J. S. Olafsen, and E. Ben-Naim

We study velocity statistics of electrostatically driven granular gases. For two different experiments: (i) non-magnetic particles in a viscous fluid and (ii) magnetic particles in air, the velocity distribution is non-Maxwellian, and its high-energy tail is exponential, $P(v)\sim \exp\left(-|v|\right)$. This behavior is consistent with kinetic theory of driven dissipative particles. For particles immersed in a fluid, viscous damping is responsible for the exponential tail, while for magnetic particles, long-range interactions cause the exponential tail. We conclude that velocity statistics of dissipative gases are sensitive to the fluid environment and to the form of the particle interaction.


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